We study resistance to adoptive cell therapies (autologous stem cell transplantation and CAR T cells) and bispecific antibodies (T cell engagers) in preclinical models and patient samples. We almost exclusively use immunocompetent mouse models to study the complex immunology underlying resistance to these therapies, including interactions of T cells with other immune cell subsets in the TME. This enables us to understand why these therapies fail and provides a roadmap for designing novel approaches to overcome this limitation. One of our active areas of research is combining these therapies with engineered cytokines to boost T cell responses.